On the Fundamental Groups of One–dimensional Spaces

نویسندگان

  • J. W. CANNON
  • G. R. CONNER
چکیده

We study the fundamental group of one–dimensional spaces. Among the results we prove are that the fundamental group of a second countable, connected, locally path connected, one–dimensional metric space is free if and only if it is countable if and only if the space has a universal cover and that the fundamental group of a compact, one–dimensional, connected metric space embeds in an inverse limit of finitely generated free groups.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

SOME RESULTS ON INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SPACES

In this paper we define intuitionistic fuzzy metric and normedspaces. We first consider finite dimensional intuitionistic fuzzy normed spacesand prove several theorems about completeness, compactness and weak convergencein these spaces. In section 3 we define the intuitionistic fuzzy quotientnorm and study completeness and review some fundamental theorems. Finally,we consider some properties of...

متن کامل

Cyclic wavelet systems in prime dimensional linear vector spaces

Finite affine groups are given by groups of translations and di- lations on finite cyclic groups. For cyclic groups of prime order we develop a time-scale (wavelet) analysis and show that for a large class of non-zero window signals/vectors, the generated full cyclic wavelet system constitutes a frame whose canonical dual is a cyclic wavelet frame.

متن کامل

Gyrovector Spaces on the Open Convex Cone of Positive Definite Matrices

‎In this article we review an algebraic definition of the gyrogroup and a simplified version of the gyrovector space with two fundamental examples on the open ball of finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces‎, ‎which are the Einstein and M"{o}bius gyrovector spaces‎. ‎We introduce the structure of gyrovector space and the gyroline on the open convex cone of positive definite matrices and explore its...

متن کامل

Fundamental Groups of One-dimensional Spaces

Let X be a metrizable one-dimensional continuum. In the present paper we describe the fundamental group of X as a subgroup of its Čech homotopy group. In particular, the elements of the Čech homotopy group are represented by sequences of words. Among these sequences the elements of the fundamental group are characterized by a simple stabilization condition. This description of the fundamental g...

متن کامل

Einstein structures on four-dimensional nutral Lie groups

When Einstein was thinking about the theory of general relativity based on the elimination of especial relativity constraints (especially the geometric relationship of space and time), he understood the first limitation of especial relativity is ignoring changes over time. Because in especial relativity, only the curvature of the space was considered. Therefore, tensor calculations should be to...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1998